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Design impact measures are used to qualify projects for various rating systems and to guide both design and regulatory decisions from beginning to end. Some like the greenhouse gas inventory may also be required globally for all business decisions. Some like the LEED point rating system are used only for its own ratings, and the qualification for 'points' may include some physical measures to qualify, but the points do not represent measurements. Others like the Athena life-cycle impact assessment tool attempt to add up all the kinds of measurable impacts of all parts of a building throughout its life and are quite rigorous and complex. The general field also includes environmental impact assessment and environmental accounting, and to tie them together, systems ecology, cost estimation models and cost–benefit analysis. For sustainable design the number and types of methods and resources that have become available in 2008 is suddenly much larger than before. Because they help you with it, all these tools also require beginning to think about real complex processes. The reason for the sudden appearance of so many new methods appears to be the natural rapidly increasing complexity of the physical design problem we confront as our interactions with the earth become larger, more complex and more critical to account for. == Simple online calculators == The Energy Star building energy calculator & targeting tool based on the US IEA and CBECS data from long term US nationwide energy use surveys. This is the estimator that projects use to qualify for a Green Globes rating. It is solid and simple but tells you less about your particular choices – Easy carbon footprint tools, the UK ("Footprinter" ) and ("Build Carbon Neutral" ) These are the simplest of the tools that estimate the total by adding up the easily visible parts. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Design impact measures」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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